CHARACTERIZATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS ALONG TOPOSEQUENCE IN TEACHING AND RESEARCH FARM OF FEDERAL UNIVERSITY DUTSE, JIGAWA STATE.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33003/jaat.2026.1202.09Keywords:
Toposequence,, Soil classification,, Clay illuviation,, Drainage conditions,, Soil fertility,, SodicityAbstract
This study characterized and classified soils along a toposequence in the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria, with emphasis on morphological, physical, and chemical properties and their implications for soil classification and land use. Four representative pedons were described along upper, mid, and lower slope positions using standard field and laboratory procedures. Morphological observations revealed ochric epipedons in all pedons, while argillic (Bt/Btg) horizons occurred in Pedons 1, 2, and 4, indicating active clay illuviation. Redoximorphic features, including mottling and gleyed matrix colours, were prominent in lower slope positions, reflecting periodic waterlogging and drainage limitations. Physical properties showed marked textural differentiation along the toposequence, ranging from sandy loam in upland soils to sandy clay and loam downslope, with bulk density generally increasing with depth and reaching values >1.6 Mg m⁻³ in lower slope soils, implying reduced porosity and aeration. Chemical analyses indicated near-neutral to strongly alkaline pH, low electrical conductivity except in a sodic subsoil horizon (ESP ≈17%), and generally low organic carbon, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus, despite consistently high base saturation. Based on USDA Soil Taxonomy, the soils were classified as Aquic Haplustalf (Pedon 1), Typic Haplustalf (Pedon 2), Typic Ustipsamment (Pedon 3), and sodic Haplustalf (Pedon 4). Corresponding WRB classes were Gleyic Luvisol, Haplic Luvisol, Haplic Arenosol, and Gleyic Luvisol (sodic phase). The results shows strong topographic control on soil development, fertility status, and management potential, with upland soils being coarse-textured and weakly developed, and downslope soils showing higher clay content, density, and sodicity-related constraints.
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