EVALUATION OF HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN HEPATOPANCREAS AND STOMACH OF Scopimera inflata AT ECRAVOS ESTUARY, NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33003/jaat.2025.1102.014Abstract
Geogenic and anthropogenic pollutants impair surface water quality. There is dearth of information on heavy metal (HM) concentrations in shellfishes of Escravos Estuary (EE). This study investigates the levels of HM in Scopimera inflata of EE. Spatially, EE was stratified into three stations (A1, A2, A3) based on fish landing sites, while monthly stratification covered February to May, 2024. Scopimera inflata samples were collected from the fishers and the hepatopancreas and stomach contents were harvested and preserved in bouin’s fluid. Samples were digested and the concentrations of HM (Cu, Ni, Cd and Zn) were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at p<0.05. The significantly highest (0.81±0.49) and lowest (0.16±0.08) levels of Cu in the Hepatopancreas of S. inflata occurred in Stations A2 and A1, while Ni ranged from 0.12±0.01 to 0.33±0.13 in March and April, respectively. The stomach of S. inflata recorded 0.44±0.27 and 0.08±0.01 of Cu in A3 and A1, while Ni ranged from 0.13±0.07 to 0.15±0.11 in May and April, respectively. While Ni ranged from 0.69±0.43 to 0.84±0.49, respectively. Significant monthly level of Cd in the muscle of S. inflata ranged from 0.03±0.01 to 0.05±0.03 in March and May, respectively. The relatively higher concentrations of Cu and Ni could be warning signs and threat to the survival of S. inflata population in the Escravos Estuary. This Results is useful as a baseline reference for further studies.
References
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). (2006): Standard guide for conducting laboratory toxicity tests with freshwater mussels. E2455-06, Philadelphia. Annual Book of America Society for Testing and MaterialsStandards 11.6: 1393–1444.
APHA. (1992): Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water. America Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation. Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S. and A.D. Eaton Eds. 18th Edition, Washington, D.C. 238 – 410.
Arblaster, John W. (2018): Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), (1990): Methods of experimental analyses. Journal of Official Method of Analyses 8.1: 551 – 573.
Coursey, J. S; D. J. Schwab, J. J. Tsai, and R. A. Dragoset, (2015): Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions (version 4.1). National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, accessed September, 2024).
David, P. Maitland (2015): "Crabs that breathe air with their legs Scopimera and Dotilla. Nature. 319 (6053): 493-495.
Ewutanure, S.J. and Binyotubo, T.E. (2021): Impacts of Anthropogenic Activities on the Fish Compositions and Diversity of Okerenkoko Estuarine, Delta State, Nigeria. Proceedings of the Accra Bespoke Multidisciplinary Innovations Conference. University of Ghana/Academic City University College, Accra, Ghana. December 2021. Pp 9-8 www.isteams.net/ghanabespoke2021.DOI:https://doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/ABMIC 2021 -V2-P2.
FEPA, (2011): National Environmental (Surface and ground water quality control) regulations. Printed and Published by The Federal Government Printer, Lagos, Nigeria j FGP 71/72011MOO (OL 46). 35Pp.
Fielder, D. R. (1971): "Some aspects of distribution and population structure in the sand bubbler crab Scopimera inflata Milne Edwards, 1873 (Decapoda, Ocypodidae). Marine and Freshwater Research. 22
Fishbase (2010): Scopimera inflata. FishBase. https://www. fishbase.se/summary/1390 Accessed April 1, 2024.
Fishbase (2018): Scopimera inflata. FishBase. https://www. fishbase.se/summary/1390 Accessed August 9, 2024.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). (2018): "Heavy metal contamination in fisheries and aquaculture." [11:26, 17/09/2024] +234 810 753 7166: Duffus JH. Heavy metals. A meaningless term? International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). 2002;74:793-807. DOI: 10.1351/pac2002740507.
Gijo, A. H & Alagoa, K. J (2022): The Concentration of Heavy Metals in the Sediments of the River Nun Estuary, Around 234 Akassa, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Haya Saudi J Life Sci, 7(8): 234-239.
Gupta, P. K. (2001): Methods in environmental analysis: Water, Soil and Air. AGROBIOS (India) Publisher. 1 – 408.
Haynes, W. M. (2015): Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press/Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, 95th Edition, Internet Version 2015, accessed December 2014.
Hossain, M. A. (2019): Assessment of heavy metal pollution in Scopimera inflata from the Buriganga River, Bangladesh."Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,191(10),1-12.
Paul, B Tchounwou, Clement G Yedjou, Anita K Patlolla, Dwayne J Sutton, (2016): NIH-RCMI Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box 18750, Jackson, MS 39217,
Peter, K. L. Ng; Danièle Guinot & PeterJ. F. Davie (2008): "Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extantBrachyuran crabs of the world" & (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 17: 1-286.
Rahman, M. A. (2017): Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Scopimera inflata from the Sundarbans mangrove forest, Bangladesh. Thesis, University of Dhaka.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (2009): Exposure Factors Handbook, Final ed., (EPA/600/R-09/052F). Washington DC: U.S.
Yadav, A.K., S. K. Singh, R. K. Singh, (2018): Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Scopimera inflata from Indian Coastal Waters.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
