THE EFFICACY OF BAOBAB FRUIT PULP ON THERMOREGULATORY, GROWTH AND BLOOD INDICES OF HEAT STRESSED BROILER FINISHER CHICKENS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33003/jaat.2024.1003.07Keywords:
stress;, baobab;, ascorbic acid;, physiology;, bloodAbstract
The study was carried out to assess the efficacy of baobab fruit pulp meal in ameliorating heat stress in finisher broilers (day 29-49) using thermoregulatory parameters, growth performance, haematological and biochemical parameters. Two hundred and fifty six finisher broiler chickens were randomly divided into four treatments (64 birds each) in a completely randomized design Ascorbic acid was added to the diet at 0, 68, 136 and 204 mg/kg. Each treatment had four replicates. Data gathered during the investigation was processed using general linear model of statistical analysis system and means were separated using Tukey’s methodology. Glutathione Peroxidase activity was improved (P<0.05) at 68 and 136 mg/kg ascorbic acid respectively, while increased (P<0.05) LDL level was recorded for broilers offered the control diet and diet supplemented with 136 mg/kg ascorbic acid. Natural ascorbic acid (204 mg/kg) was found to improve broiler chickens’ blood indices, growth and thermoregulatory parameters. As a result, during time of heat stress, finisher broiler chickens should be offered 204 mg/kg natural ascorbic acid added to their feed.
References
A.O.A.C. (1990). Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Official Methods of Analysis. 15th Ed Washington DC.
Abdelrafea, A., El-Shafei, A., Arafa, M., Abdelrahman, M., Gihan, A. S., Elsakkar, H. (2013). Physiological, Biochemical and Histopathological Changes of Ethylenediaminetetrascorbic acidcetic acid (EDTA) and Vitamin C Supplementation in Broiler Chicks Diets. Journal of Animal Science, 9(2): 316-333. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org.
Abdulrashid, M., Agwunobi, L.N. and Hassan, M.R. (2010). Ascorbic Acid and Heat Stress in Domestic Chicken Nutrition: A Review. Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences, 8(2): 249-257.
Abebi, H. (1974). Catalase in methods of enzymatic analysis Ed. By bergmeyer, HU Verlag Chemie, New York, Pp. 673-684.
Ademu, L.A. (2018). Responses of broiler chickens fed betaine hydrochloride supplementation under dexamethasone induced stress condition. A PhD thesis, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
Adenkola, A.Y., Carew, N.S., Ojabo, L.D. and Angani, M.T. (2016). Comparative Studies Ascorbic Acid and Hibiscus sabdariffa Calyces against Heat-Stress Inclusion in Broiler Chicken. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 5(2): 17-23.
Adeosun, S.L. (2012). Effects of synthetic ascorbic acid and baobab Fruit pulp meal supplementation as sources of Ascorbic acid in layer and broiler diets during Cool-wet and hot-dry seasons. A PhD thesis submitted to the Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Pp. 74.
Aggarwal, A. and Singh, M. (2010). Hormonal changes in heat stressed Murrah buffaloes under two different cooling systems. Buffalo Bull, 29:1-6.
Altan, O., Altan, A., Cabuk, M. and Bayraktar, H. (2000). Effects of heat stress on some blood parameters in broilers. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Animal Science, 24: 145-148.
Atawodi, S.E. (2011). Evaluation of the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of methanolic extract of “Ata-ofa” polyherbal tea (A-Polyherbal) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Drug Invent Today. 3: 270-276.
Ayo, J.O., Obidi, J.A. and Rekwot, P.I. (2011). Effects of Heat Stress on the Well-Being, Fertility, and Hatchability of Chickens in the Northern Guinea Savannah Zone of Nigeria: A Review. International Scholarly Research Notices of Veterinary Science, Pp.10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/838606.
Borges, S., Fischer, A., Da, A., Silva, V. and Maiorka, A. (2007). Acid-base balance in broilers. World's Poultry Science Journal, 63: 73-81.
Bounous, D.I. and Stedman, N.L. (2000). Normal Avian Haematology, Chicken and Turkey. In Feldman, B.F., Zinkl, J.G. and Jain, N.C.: Schalm’s Veterinary Haematology. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 1145-1154.
Chaiyabutr, N. (2004). Physiological reactions of poultry to heat stress and methods to reduce its effects on poultry production. Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 32(2): 17-30.
Clinical Diagnostic Division (1990). Veterinary Reference Guide, Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, New York.
Collins, A. (2018). Cholesterol in chicken. Retrieved 3/10/2018 from http://www.annecollins.com/ Solomons, G.T.W. Organic Chemistry (4th ed.) John Wiley and Sons, New York. Pp. 270-273.
Draper H. H. and Hadley M. (1990). Malondialdehyde determination as index of lipid peroxidation. Methods in enzymology, 186, 421-431.
Fridovich, I. (1989). Superoxide dismutases. An adaptation to a paramagnetic gas. Journal Biology and Chemistry, 264: 7761-7764.
Goodwin, M.A., Bounous, D.I., Brown, J., McMurray, B.L., Ricken, W.L. and Magee, D.L. (1994). Blood glucose values and definations for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in clinically normal broiler chicks. Avaian Disease, 38(4): 861-865.
Halliwell, B. and Gutteridge, J.M.C. (1999). Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. In: Halliwell, B. and Gutteridge, J.M.C., Eds., Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, 3rd Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1-25.
Hosseini-Mansoub, N., Chekani-Azar, S., Tehrani, A.A., Lotfi, A, Manesh, M.K. (2010). Infleunce of dietary vitamin E and zinc on performance, oxidative stability and some blood measures of broiler chickens reared under heat stress (35 0C). Journal Agribiology, 27(2): 103-110.
Imik, H., Atasever, M.A., Urgar, S., Ozlu, H., Gumus, R. and Atasever, M. (2012). Meat quality of heat stress exposed broilers and effect of protein and vitamin E. British Poultry Science, 53: 689-698.
Institute for Agricultural Research Metrological Stations, (IARMS). (2019). Metrological data from IAR Metrological Station, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria.
Isikwenu, J.O. and Omeje, S.I. (2007). The effects on the blood, carcass and organs of finisher broilers fed groundnut cake diets replaced with urea-treated and fermented brewer’s dried grains. Agricultural Journal, 2(1): 64-70
Jahejo, A.R., Rajput, N., Mohammad, N. Pirzado, S.A., Nizamani, Z.A., Tarique, M. and Memon, A.A. (2016). Effect of Ascorbic Acid in Heat Stressed Broiler Chickens Of Sindh Zone. Science International (Lahore), 28(4): 4089-4093.
Jain, N.C. (1986). Schalm Veterinary Haematology, 4th edition Philadelphia, Lea and Ferbinger. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, Vol.5, Pp. 203-209.
Jain, N.C. (1993). Essentials of veterinary hematology. 1st Ed. Lea and Febiger Publication, Philadelphia, ISBN: 9780812114379, Pp: 589-595.
Jena, B.P., Panda, N., Patra, R.C., Mishra, P.K., Behura, N.C. and Panigrahi, B. (2013). Supplementation of Vitamin E and C Reduces Oxidative Stress in Broiler Breeder Hens during summer. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 4: 33-37.
Kutlu, H.R. and Forbes, J.M. (1993). Changes in Growth and Blood Parameters in Heat-Stressed Broiler Chicks in Response to Dietary Ascorbic Acid. Livestock Production Science, 36: 335-350.
Kwiecient, S., Brzozowski, T., Konturek, P.C., Pawlik, M.W. and Pawlik, W.W. (2004). Gastro protection by pennxyfilline against stress induced gastric damage. Role of lipid peroxidation, antioxidizing enzymes and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 55(2): 337-355.
Lamb, G.N. (1991). Manual of Veterinary Laboratory Technique. CIBA-GEIGY, Kenya, Pp. 96-107.
Lara, L.J. and Rostagno, M.H. (2013). Impact of Heat Stress on Poultry Production. Journal of Animal Science, 3: 356-369.
Latin American Veterinary Congress. (2009). Clinical Pathology in Avian Species. Latin American Veterinary Congress (LAVC), Lima, Peru.
Lin, H., Decuypere, E. and Buyse, J. (2004). Oxidative stress induced by corticosterone administration in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Chronic exposure. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 139: 737-744.
Lohakare, J.D., Kim, J.K., Ryn, M.H., Hahn, T.W. and Chae, B.J. (2005). Effects of vitamin C and vitamin D interactions on the performance, immunity and bone characteristics of commercial broilers. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 14(4): 670-678.
Melesse, A., Mascorbic acidk, S., Schmidt, R. and Von-Lengerken, G. (2011). Effect of long-term heat stress on key enzyme activities and T3 levels in commercial layer hens. International Journal of Livestock Production, 2: 107-116.
Mitruka, B.M. and Rawnsley, H.M. (1997). Clinical, Biochemical and Haematological Reference Value in Normal Experimental Animals. Mason Publishing Company, New York. Pp. 35-50.
Muhammad, A.S., Abubakar, M., Adamu, S., Shehu, N.S. and Adamu, G. (2016). Effects of ascorbic acid on weight gain and haematological profile of broiler chickens. ATBU, Journal of Science, Technology & Education (JOSTE), 4 (1): 127-133.
National Research Council (NRC). (1994). Nutrient requirement of poultry, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. Ninth Edition.
Ndubuisi, D.I., Wafar, R.J. and Ojinnaka, P.E. (2022). Proximate, Anti-Nutritional and Ascorbic Acid Composition of Baobab Fruit Pulp Meal and its Efficiency in Ameliorating the Impact of Heat Stress on Growth and Blood Indices of Broiler Chicks. Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences, 4(8): 175-184.
Olukomaiya, O.O., Adeyemi, O.A., Sogunle, O.M., Abioja, M.O. and Ogunsola, I.A. (2015). Effect of Feed Restriction and Ascorbic Acid Supplementation on Growth Performance, Rectal Temperature and Respiratory Rate of Broiler Chicken. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 25(1): 65-71.
Rajagopalan, R., Kode, A., Penumatha, S.V., Kallikat, N.R., and Venugopal, P.M. (2004). Comparative effects of curcumin and an analog of curcumin on alcohol and PUFA induced oxidative stress. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 83: 2747-2752.
Renaudeau, D., Collin, A., Yahav, S., de Basilio, V., Gourdine, J.L. and Collier, R.J. (2012). Adaptation to hot climate and strategies to alleviate heat stress in livestock production. Journal of Animal production, 6: 707-728.
Robertshaw, D. (2004). Temperature regulation and thermal environment, in Dukes’ Physiology of Domestic Animals, Reece, W.O Ed. 12th edition.
Ross, J.G., Christie, G., Hascorbic acidlliday, W.G. and Jones, R.M. (1976). Determination of haematology and blood chemistry values in healthy six-week old broiler hybrids, Avian Pathology, 5(4): 273-281. DOI: 10.1080/03079457608418196.
Seyrek, K., Yenisey, C., Serter, M., Kargın, Kıral, F., Ulutas, P.A. and Bardakcıoglu, H.E. (2004). Effects of dietary vitamin C supplementation on some biochemical parameters of laying Japanese quails exposed to heat stress (34.8 0C). Revue Medical Veterinary, 156: 339-342.
Simrak, S., Chinrasari, O. and Aegwanich, W. (2004). Haematological, electrolyte and serum biochemical value on the thai indigenous chicken. Journal of Science and technology, 26(5): 425-430.
Statistical Analysis System (S.A.S). (2002). Statistical Analysis System Institute, User’s Guide. Version 9 for Windows. North Carolina, U.S.A.
St-Pierre, N.R., Cobanov, B. and Schnitkey, G. (2003). Economic losses from heat stress by US livestock industries. Journal of Dairy Science, 86: 52-77.
Stull, R. (2011). Wet-Bulb Temperature from Relative Humidity and Air Temperature. Journal of applied Meteorology and Climatology, 50: 2267- 2269.
Syafwan, S., Kwakkela, R.P. and Verstegena, M.W. (2011). Heat stress and feeding strategies in meat-type chickens. Journal World's Poultry Science, 67(4): 653-674.
Talebi, E. and Khademi, M. (2011). Combination Effects Of Ascorbic Acid And Glucose In Drinking Water On The Broiler Performance Under Acute Heat Stress. International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology, 2(1): 92-96.
Tao, X. and Xin, H. (2003). Acute synergistic effects of air temperature, humidity and velocity on homeostasis of market-size broilers. Transactions of the ASAE, 46(2): 491-497.
Yahav, S. (2009). Alleviating heat stress in domestic fowl: Different strategies. World's Poultry Science Journal, 65(04): 719-732. DOI: 10.1017/S004393390900049X
Yoda, Y., Nakazawa, M. and Abe, T. (1986). Prevention of doxorubicin myocardial toxicity in mice by glutathione. Cancer Research, 46: 2551-2555.
Yousef, M.I. (2004). Protective role of ascorbic acid to enhance reproductive performance of male rabbits treated with stannous chloride. Toxicology, 207(1): 81-89. DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2004.08.017
Youssef, A., Attia, M., Al-Harthi, A., El-Shafey, A.S., Rehab, Y.A. and Kim, W.K. (2017). Enhancing tolerance of broiler chickens to heat stress by supplementation with vitamin E, vitamin C and/or probiotics. Annual Animal Science, 17(4): 1155-1169 DOI: 10.1515/aoas-2017-0012.
Zhang, B., Guo, X., Chen, J., Zhao, Y., Cong, X., Jiang, Z., Cao, R., Cui, K., Gao, S. and Tian, W. (2014). Saikosaponin-D attenuates heat stress-induced oxidative damage in 11c-pk1 cells by increasing the expression of anti-oxidant enzymes and hsp72. American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 42(5): 1261-1277.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.