SURVEY AND MOLECULAR DETECTION OF VIRUSES INFECTING PEPPER IN CROSS RIVER STATE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33003/jaat.2024.1002.16Keywords:
Cross River State,, Pepper,, Viruses,, Mixed infections,, CMV,, PVMV,, PVY,, ToLCVAbstract
Several viral diseases limit the production of pepper around the world. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and diversity of viruses infecting open field and backyard garden cultivation of pepper in the northern, central, and southern zones of the Cross River State, Nigeria. The survey was carried out in the cropping season of 2024 on cultivated pepper crops growing mostly on small farm holdings and backyard gardens scattered within the six local government areas of Yala, Odukpani, Yakurr, Etung, Akpabuyo, and Ogoja. ACP-ELISA was used to detect viruses across the state. The most prevalent virus in almost all locations was CMV, and the least prevalent virus was ToLCV. The majority of infected plants were pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). A relatively high average of 72.4 % disease incidence and an average severity index of 3.0 was recorded across all locations of the state. The survey showed Yala had the highest mean incidence of 79.25 % and a severity index of 3.35 while Ogoja recorded the lowest mean incidence of 68 % and a severity index of 2.8. Mixed infections of ToLCV and PVY and PVMV and CMV were more common in 11 of the 18 locations. Analysis of variance for the mean disease incidence and mean severity index revealed that there was no significant difference across the different locations at p > 0.05. The findings demonstrate the predominance of these viruses on pepper in ross River State, underscoring the necessity for further research to identify more viruses that hinder pepper production.
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