GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES FOR MAPPING AND ANALYSIS OF CLIMATIC VARIABLES IN GOMBE STATE, NORTH-EAST NIGERIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33003/jaat.2023.0901.205Abstract
This study was carried out to apply satellite- based climatic data in geospatial environment to downscale climatic data into smaller political units and to generate and analyse thematic maps of climatic variables in Gombe State. Spatial climatic data on rainfall, minimum and maximum temperature were obtained from DivaGIS climatic data, while water vapour, solar radiation and wind speed were derived from the WorldClim climatic data. Monthly climatic records from 1981-2021 in twenty-four points evenly spread across Gombe State on rainfall, minimum/maximum temperature and relative humidity were obtained from NASA Power Project to generate the trends and seasonal patterns of temperature and rainfall. Daily climatic records of rainfall were also acquired from globalweather climatic data between 1979 and 2013 and processed to derive the values of rainfall indices using Nieuwolt formula. The monthly climatic records were processed using the kriging module of ArcGIS to transform the point climatic data to spatial data. The result revealed that rainfall in Gombe State occurs mainly between May and September with the peak in August, while the trends in rainfall was decreasing at the southern and northern parts of the state but increasing at the central region. Rainfall onset occurs in the 1st or 2nd week of May in the south, but late (1st week of June) in the north. Rainfall cessation at the central and northern parts of the state occurs in the 3rd or 4th weeks of September, while the southern part experiences late cessation between the 1st and 3rd week of October. The LRS ranges from 95-111 and 160-175 days in the northern and southern parts respectively. High relative humidity was recorded between May and October with the peak in August. Spatial patterns of solar radiation and wind speed were also generated and analyzed. Awareness of the use of satellite based climatic data and geospatial techniques for downscaling climatic data were recommended in order to ease the problems of lack or inadequate climatic data for spatial mapping. Causal factors for the spatial patterns of climatic variables in Gombe state was suggested for further studies
References
Abaje, I.B. and Oladipo, E.O. (2019). Recent changes in the temperature and rainfall conditions over Kaduna State, Nigeria. Ghana Journal of Geography Vol. 11(2), 2019 pp 127- 157
Abbas, A.N., Dan, Y and Bonison, Y. (2019). The evolution and development of settlement patterns in Gombe State. Gombe State: People, Environment and Development. Nonimod Ventures, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Vol 1. 2019. P. 199.
Abe, A. O., Adeniji, Q. A., Rabiu, J. A., Adegboyega, O., Raheem, I. O., Rasaki, M.G., Sada, S. M., and Fidelis, L. (2022). Statistical analysis and forecasting of rainfall patterns and trends in Gombe North-Eastern Nigeria. Iraqi journal of physics, Vol.20, No. 2, PP. 64 7 7.
Adam, M. A. and Dan, Y. (2019). Population and development in Gombe State. Gombe State: People, Environment and Development. Nonimod Ventures, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Vol 1. 2019. P. 24.
African Development Bank (2023). The African Development Fund’s new climate action Retrieved on 4th May, 2023 from https://www.afdb.org › news-and-events › african-dev.
Ahmad, Y.U., and Ibrahim, Y. (2017). X-Raying rainfall pattern in Gombe State over the last three decades. IOSR journal of humanities and social science (IOSR-JHSS). Volume 22, Issue 6, Ver.11 (June. 2017) PP 67-75.
Ati, O.F., Aremu, K., Olatunde, A.F., Abaje, I.B. and Oladipo, E.O. (2021). Meteorological drought and temperature in Sudano-Sahelian region of Nigeria under increasing global warming. Meteorological DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100108.
Audu, H.O., Bibi, U.M., Garba, B.G., Ibrahim, A.K, Ali Hussaini., Tarki, S.K. and Bulus B.G (2019). Determination of onset, cessation of rains and hydrological growing season in Dadin Kowa and Gombe for agricultural planning. Nigerian agricultural journal Vol. 50, No. 1. Pp. 133-141.
Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER 2011) Global Digital Elevation Model version 2 (GDEM V2); October 17, 2011. Retrieved from earthexplorer.usgs.gov. on 5th, Nov. 2022
Bello, Y. and Paul, M. (2018). Farmer’s perception on climate variability and crop productivity in Biliri LGA of Gombe State. FUDMA journal of sciences 2(3) pp 1-8
Bello, Y., Adebayo, A.A. and Bashir, B.A. (2020). Analysis of rainfall and temperature changes in Gombe State, Nigeria. FUDMA journal of sciences (FJS). Vol No. 1. March, 202. PP 630-646.
Bello, Y. (2022). An Assessment of adaptation strategies of indigenous agriculture to climate change in Gombe State. An unpublished Ph.D thesis, Department of Geography, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria.
Clement, A.Y., Ezekiel, K., and Zodnagi, A.L. (2018). Spatial distribution and modelling of soil transmitted helminthes infection in Nigeria. Research journal of parasitology; 13 (2): 19-35, 2018. ISSN 1816-4943. DOI: 10.3923/jp.2018.19.35
Dan, Y., Bonison, Y. and Ishaku, D. (2019). Agricultural production in Gombe State. Gombe State: People, Environment and Development. Nonimod Ventures, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Vol 1. 2019. P.176.
Ezra, A., Umar, A.S. and Adebayo A.A. (2020). Effects of agro-climatic variables on yield of selected varieties of rice in Taraba State. Bayero journal of pure and applied sciences, (BAJOPAS) Vol. 13 (1) Pp 1-8.
Ezra, A., Istifanus, V., Musa, I, Buba, S and Jennifer, H.H. (2021). Effects of climatic elements on surface water in Yola North LGA, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Ethiopian journal of environmental studies and management. Vol 14 (supplementary): 880-894.
Globalweather (2015). Daily climatic records of rainfall (1979-2013) acquired from globalweather climatic data through http://globalweather.tamsu.edu
Ikusemoran, M., Wanah, B. B., & Mbaya, L. A. (2016). Geospatial techniques for terrain analysis of Gombe State, Nigeria. Journal of geography, environment and earth science international, 6(1),1-20.
Ikusemoran, M., Eseyin E. B. and Elijah E. (2018). Geostatistical analysis of pattern of rainfall distribution and prediction in Taraba State, North-East Nigeria. Adamawa State University journal of scientific research ISSN: 2251-0702 (P) Volume 6 Number 2, August, 2018.
Ikusemoran, M., Didams, G. & Michael, A. (2019). Analysis of the spatial distribution of geology and pedologic formations in Gombe State, North Eastern Nigeria. Journal of geography and geology; Vol. 10, No. 1; 2018.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007). Fourth assessment report: Climate change 2007. Retrieved on 4th May, 2023 from https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/abs/ip01000b.html
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2023). The IPCC summary for policy makers of climate change 2023. Retrieved on 4th May, 2023 from https://www.wri.org › insights › 2023-ipcc-ar6-synthe
Koppen, W. (1884). Koppen climate classification system. Retrieved on 5th May, 2023 from https//www.nationalgeographic.org
Luis, M., Edmundo, A., Giorgio, C., Luis R., Jael, M. and Máximo, F. A. (2015). A simple method for estimating suitable territory for bioenergy species in Chile. Ciencia investigation agrarian 42(2): 227-242. 2015.
Mbaya, L.A., Ibrahim, J and Yusuf, I.D. (2019). The Nature and properties of soils in Gombe State. Gombe State: People, Environment and Development. Nonimod Ventures, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Vol 1. 2019. Pp. 129-132.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Power Project (2022). Monthly climatic records (1981-2021) of rainfall, minimum/maximum temperature and relative humidity derived online through http://power.larc.nasa.gov
Nieuwolt, S. (1985). Tropical climatology: An introduction to the climates of the low latitudes. John Wiley and sons New York. Pp. 45-65.
Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet, 2023). NiMet warns against the devastating effects of climate change. Retrieved on 5th May, 2023 from https//nimet.gov.ng
Roberts, H.J., Luigi, G., and Prem, M. (2012). Diva-GIS v7.5 obtained online from http.diva-gis.org/version 7.5.
Samasundara, J.W.D. and Bachama, N.Y. (2019). The economy of Gombe State. Gombe State: People, Environment and Development. Nonimod Ventures, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Vol 1. 2019. Pp. 153-157.
Steve, F. and Robert, H. (2016). WorldClim 2.0 Beta Version 1; June 2016: Spatial climatic data. Obtained online from: http://worldclim.org
Tufa, D. (2018). Overcoming challenges in the availability and use of climate data in Africa. Weather data for agriculture. Issue 87; 24, May, 2018.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC, 2011). Fact sheet: Climate change science - the status of climate change science today. Retrieved from
https://unfccc.int › files › pdf › press_factsh_science on 5th, May, 2023
Yahaya, I. and Yusuf, U.A. (2019). An Overview of climate change in Gombe State. Gombe State: People, Environment and Development. Nonimod Ventures, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Vol 1. 2019. Pp. 73-78.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
