PROXIMATE COMPOSITION, FIBRE FRACTION AND MINERAL COMPOSITION OF ENSILED RICE MILLING WASTE ENHANCED WITH UREA AND POULTRY LITTER
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33003/jaat.2023.0901.12Keywords:
Additive, Ensilage, In-vitro, Poultry Litter, Rice milling wasteAbstract
The experiment was conducted to examine the physical properties, pH, temperature, proximate composition, fibre fraction, energy content and mineral composition of ensiled rice milling waste (RMW) treated with urea and poultry litter in a completely randomized design. RMW was treated with of Urea and Poultry Litter (PL) and ensiled in in-vitro laboratory silos (946ml). The treatment combinations were; A (100%RMW), B (100%RMW+ Urea), C (80%RMW + 20%PL), and D (60%RMW + 40%PL). The treatments were ensiled for 21 days in triplicates. At the expiration of each ensiling period, samples were taken for analyses. The results for physical properties showed that most of the silages were adequately fermented with sweet aroma. The compounded silages were acidic 4.34 – 4.86 except treatments B and D which had pH of 7.96 and 7.91 respectively. The temperatures of the silages were significantly (P<0.05) different. Based on the physical properties, pH and temperature evaluated, most of the silages can be considered to be well prepared. The proximate composition of silages differ significantly (P<0.05), higher percentages in CF and Ash were recorded in Treatment A. Dry matter content was also significantly different (P<0.05) with treatment A having the highest DM (97.19%). The CP in treatment D (6.13%) proved superior. RMW and Urea mixtures resulted in silages with highest %NDF, %HEM and Energy. Lowest NDF, ADF, CEL and ADL values were obtained in treatment D. The nutritive quality of treatment D was proved to be higher and thus it is recommended for dry season ruminant feeding.
References
Abdullahi, A.Y., Muhammad, A.S., Zango, M.H., Madaki, S., Dambatta, M.A., Muhammad, H.A., Suleiman, I.O., Bala, A.G., Abubakar, A., Nasir, M., Khaleel, A.G., Ibrahim, U. and Hassan, A.M. 2019. In-vitro evaluation of nutritional quality of ensiled Rice Offal enhanced with Non-protein Nitrogen sources and soybean meal residue. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 46(1): 236-245
Abdurrahaman, S. L., Shehu, K., Salisu, I.B., Gumel, I.A. and Dahiru M. 2021. Proximate and Fiber Fractions of Selected Cereal Husks Processed Manually and Mechanically for Ruminant Production. FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology. Vol. 7 No. 2, December 2021: Pp .170-174. https://doi.org/10.33003/jaat.2021.0702.063
Abubakar, S.A., Muhammad, I.R., Sani, S.S., Amodu, J.T., Muhammad, R.H. and Akpensuen, T.T. 2015. Evaluation of Maiwa Millet (Pennisetum gluacum L.) Ensiled with Trailing Tropical Legumes. Journal of Animal Production Research. 27:184-194.
Adeniji A.A. 2010. Effects of dietary grit inclusion on the utilization of rice rusk by pullet chicks. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystem 12:175-180.
Akinfemi, A., Adua, M.M. and Adu, O.A. 2012. Evaluation of nutritive values of tropical feed sources and by-products using in vitro gas production technique in ruminant animals. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture. 24(4): 348-353.
Akinwande, B.A., Abiodun, O.A. and Adeyemi, I.A. 2013. Effect of steaming on properties of yam flour. Nutrition and Food Science 43(1): 31–39.
Ambasankar K. and Chandrasekan D. 2002. Feeding value of rice waste for layers and its effect on egg quality. Indian Veterinary Journal. 79:39-42.
Amodu, J.T. and Abubakar, S.A. 2004. Forage Conservation Practices. In: Jerome O. Gefu and Joshua T. Amodu (eds). Forage Production and Management in Nigeria. A training manual edited by NAPRI, ABU Zaria Nigeria pp. 60 – 65.
AOAC, 2005. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Official methods of analysis. 18th edition. Washington DC.
Ashiru, R.M., Maigandi, S. A., Muhammad, I. R. and Abdulhamid, S. U. 2010. Ensiling quality of Sugarcane waste enhanced with Non-protein nitrogen sources and soybean meal residue for dry season ruminants feeding. Proceedings of the 1stInternational conference on Drylands. Pp. 212-217.
Baba, M., Uba, T. and Halim, A. R. 2010. Nutritive value of Kyasuwa hay (Pennisetum pedicellatum) ensiled with poultry litter at varying proportions. Research Journal of Animal Science, 4(5): 117 – 120.
Babayemi, O. J., Ifut, O. J., Inyang, U. A. and Isaac, L. J. 2010. Quality and chemical composition of cassava waste ensiled with Albiza saman pods. Agricultural Journal 5(3): 225 – 228.
Beagle E.C. 1978. Rice husk conversion to energy. FAO Consultant. Rome, Italy.
Belewu M.A. and Babalola F.T. 2009. Nutrient enrichment of waste agricultural residues after solid state fermentation using Rhizopus oligosporus. Journal of Applied Bioscience. 13:695-699.
Bhattacharya S.C., Joe, M.A., Kandhekar, Z. and Ram, S. 1999. Greenhouse gas emission mitigation from the use of agricultural residues: the case of rice husk. Energy 24:43-59.
BirdLife International 2021. Important Bird Areas factsheet: Hadejia-Nguru wetlands. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 14/03/2021.
Chenost M. 1995. Optimizing the use of poor quality roughage through treatments and supplementation in warm climate countries with particular emphasis on urea treatment. 1st Electronic Conference on Tropical Feeds FAO, Rome.
Crampton E.W. and Harris L.E. 1969. Applied animal nutrition. In: Ambasankar, K. and Chandrasekan, D. (2002). Feeding value of rice waste for layers and its effect on egg quality. Indian Veterinary Journal. 79:39-42.
Foulkes, D. 1998. Rice as a livestock feed. No. J22 Agdex No: 121/10 ISSN No: 0157-8243.
GENSTAT, 2018. General Statistics Software for Windows 19th Edition. VSN International, Hemel Hempstead, UK. Web page: Genstat.co.uk.
Hang, D. T. and Preston, T. R. 2007. Taro leaves as a protein source for growing pigs in Central Vietnam. Proceedings of the MEKARN International Conference on Matching Livestock Systems with Available Resources, November 26-27, 2007, Ha Long Bay, Vietnam.
Kung, L. and Shaver, R. 2002. Interpretation and Use of Silage Fermentation Analyses Reports. Focus on Forage, 3, 1-5.
Lee, S. and Kayouli, C. 1998. Supplementary Feeding for Dairy Small Holders in the Pacific Island Countries: Fiji, Samoa, Vanuatu, Cook islands, Solomon Islands and Tonga. In: Manual of Small Holder Milk Production in the South Pacific, Lee, S., R. Kennard and C. Kayouli (Eds.). FAO Sub-Regional Office for the Pacific, Apia, Samoa.
Leterme, P., Thewis, A. and Culot, M. 1992. Supplementation of Pressed Sugar-beet Pulp Silage with Molasses and Urea, Laying Hen Excreta or Soybean Meal in Ruminant Nutrition. Animal and Feed Science Technology. 39 (3-4): 209-225
Lien, L. V., Sansoucy, R. and Thien, N. 1994. Preserving shrimps heads and animal blood with molasses and feeding them as a supplement for pigs. Proceedings of the National Seminar-Workshop on Sustainable Livestock Production on Local Feed Resources, November 22-27, 1993, Ho Chi Minh City.
Maikano A. 2007. Utilization of rice milling waste in practical ration of broilers. Zoologist 5:1-7.
McDonald, P., Henderson, A.R. and Heron, S.J.E. 1998. The Biochemistry of Silage. 2nd Edition. Chalcombe Publications Marlow, Bucks.
Menenses, M. D., Megias, J., Madrid, A., MartinezTeruel, F., Hernandez, J. 2007. Evaluation of the Phytosanitary, Fermentative and Nutritive Characteristics of the Silage Made from Crude Artichoke (Cynara scolymus) By-product Feeding for Ruminants. Small Ruminants Research 70: 292 – 296.
Moran, J., 2005. Feeding Management for Small Holder Dairy Farmers in the Humid Tropics. Landlinks Press, Collingwood, Victoria, Pp. 312.
Muhammad I.R., Abdu, M. I., Iyeghe-Erakpotobor, G. T. and Sulaiman, K. A. 2009. Ensiling quality of Gamba fortified with tropical legumes and its preference by rabbits. Research Journal of Applied Sciences 4(1): 20-25.
NAERLS and PCU 2004. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services and Projects Coordination Unit. Field situation assessment of 2004. In:Maikano A. (2007).Utilization of rice milling waste in practical ration of broilers. The Zoologist. 5:1-7.
NPC, 2006. National Population Commission Census. Nigerian Population Census. Abuja, Nigeria.
Oduguwa, B. O., Jolaosho, A. O. and Ayankoso, M. T. 2007. Effects of ensiling on the physical properties, chemical composition and mineral contents of guinea grass and cassava tops silage. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production. 34 (1): 100 – 106
Ogunlolu, B.T., Jolaosho, A. O., Akinola, T. O. and Aniwe, P. O. 2010. Effects of length of storage and mixture of cassava peel, pineapple residues and guinea grass on mineral content of silage. Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society of Animal Production 14th - 17th March, 2010, University of Ibadan. Pp 489-490.
Olorunnisomo, O.A. and Dada, O.A. 2011. Digestibility and intake of Elephant grass ensiled with cassava peels by Red Sokoto goats in Ibadan, In: A.A. Adeniji, E.A. Olatunji and E.S. Gana (eds.) Value Re-Orientation in Animal Production: A Key to National Food Security and Stable Economy. Proceedings of 36th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production (NSAP) Abuja. Pp 584-586.
Omotola, K.M. and A. Ikechukwu, 2006. Rice milling in Nigeria. Rexen, F. and Vestergaard, K.T. (1976). The effect of digestibility of a new technique for alkali treatment of straw. Animal Feed Technology. 1:73-83.
Onyeike, E., Ayalogu, E. and Ibegbulem, C. 2000. Evaluation of the nutritional value of some crude oil polluted freshwater fishes. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. 6: 227 – 233.
Roy S. and Rangnekar D.V. 2006. Farmer adoption of urea treatment of cereal straws for feeding animals in Mithila Milk Shed, India. Livestock Research and Development 18(8).
Singh, A., Edward, J.C., MOR, S. and Singh, K. 1996. Effect of Inoculation of Lactic Acid and Additives on Ensiling M.P. Chari (Sorghum Bicolor). Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 66, 1159-1165.
Steel R.G.D. and Torrie J.H. 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. A Biometrical Approach, 2nd Edition. McGraw – Hill, New York.
Taiwo A.A., Adebowale, E.E.A., Greenhalgh, J.F.D. and Akinsoyinu, A.O. 1992. Effects of urea treatment on the chemical composition and degradation characteristics of some crop residues. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production.19:25-34.
Thipwimon C., Shabbir H.G. and Suthum, P. 2004. Environmental profile of power generation from rice husk in Thailand. The Joint International Conference on “Sustainable Energy and Environment (SEE)”.
Van Soest, P.J., Robertson J.B. and Lewis B.A. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, (74): 3583–3597.
Wattiaux, M. 2000. Introduction to silage making. The Babcock Institute University of Wisconsin. www.babcock.cals.wisc.edu/downloads/d u/du-502.en.pdf
Yakubu, B., Adegbola, T.A., Bogoro, S. and Yusuf, H.B. 2007. Effect of urea treated and untreated rice milling waste on the performance of broilers: growth performance and economy of production. Journal of Sustainable Development of Agricultural Environment. 3:7-13.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
