AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF TRYPADIM®, TRYPAMIDIUM® AND NOVIDIUM® ON THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON BODY TEMPERATURE AND SERUM CHEMISTRY IN WISTAR RATS INFECTED WITH TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI BRUCEI (FEDERE STRAIN)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33003/jaat.2022.0802.01Abstract
Effect of intramuscular administration of Trypanocides on body temperature and serum chemistry in Wistar rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei was investigated. 25 Wistar rats with average body weights of 200-240±20 g were randomly divided into five groups. Group A was administered 0.5 mL of normal saline only, while group B was given 0.1 × 106 of T. brucei brucei only. Group C, D and E were inoculated with the same dose of the parasite as in group B and in addition, they were intramuscularly administered with 3.5 mg/kg b.w. of Trypadim® (Diminazene di-aceturate),1 mg/kg b.w. of Trypamidium® (Isometamidium chloride) and 1 mg/kg b.w. of Novidium® (Homidium chloride), respectively. Body temperature increased consistently in all groups except group A. However, there was a significant (p<0.05) difference in all treated groups compared to group B on 28day post-infection (DPI). All serum indicators increased significantly (p<0.05) in group B when compared to all other groups. Values observed for creatinine in all treated groups was only significantly (p<0.05) higher in group E when compared to group A. In conclusion, administered trypanocidal drugs possess anti-pyrexia activity and could off-set the negative effect of T.brucei.brucei on the measured serum chemistry in Wistar rats.
References
Abd El-Baky, A. A. and Salem, S. I. (2011). Clinico-pathological and cytological studies on naturally infected camels and experimentally infected rats with Trypanosoma evansi. World Applied Science Journal, 14(1): 42-50.
Akanji, M. A., Adeyemi, O. S., Oguntoye, S. O. and Sulyman, F. (2009). Psidium guajava extract reduces trypanosomosis associated lipid peroxidation and raises glutathione concentrations in infected animals. EXCLI. Journal, 8: 148-154.
Allam, L., Ogwu, D., Agbede, R. I. S. and Sackey, A. K. B. (2011). Hematological and serum biochemical changes in gilts experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei. Veterinaria Arhiv, 81(5): 597-609.
Andersson, R., Poulsen, H. E. and Ahren, B. (1991). Effect of bile on liver function tests in experimental E. coli peritonitis in the rat. Hepatogastroenterology, 38: 388–390.
Anene, B. M., Onah, D. N. and Nawa, Y. (2001). Drug resistance in pathogenic African trypanosomes; what hopes for the future? Veterinary Parasitology, 96: 83-100.
Bergmeyer, H. U., Scheibe, P. and Wahlefeld, A. H. (1978).Optimization methods for Aspartate Amino-transferase and Alanine Amino-transferase. Clinical Chemistry, 28: 58-73.
David, L. N. and Michael, M. C. (2003). Lehninger principles of biochemistry. 3rd Ed. Macmillian Press Limited Houndsmills, Basingstoke Hampshire, UK.
Deitsch, K. W., Lukehart, S. A. and Stringer, J. R. (2009). Common strategies for antigenic variation by bacterial, fungal and protozoan pathogens. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 7: 493-503.
Duncan, D. B. (1955). Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics, 11: 1–42.
Eghianruwa, K. I. and Anika, S. M. (2012). Effects of DMSO on Diminazene Efficacy in Experimental Murine T. brucei Infection. International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 4(2): 93-98.
Ekanem, J. T. and Yusuf, O. K. (2008). Some biochemical and haematological effects of black seed (Nigella sativa) oil on T. brucei-infected rats. African Journal of Biomedical Research, 11: 79 –85.
Ezeokonkwo, R. C., Ezeh, I. O., Onunkwo, J. I., Onyenwe, I. W., Iheagwam, C. N. and Agu, W. E. (2012). Comparative serum biochemical changes in mongrel dogs following single and mixed infections of Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Veterinary Parasitology, 190(1-2): 56-61.
Finelle, P. (2002). Chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis of animal trypanosomiasis. Recent acquisition and actual situation. Les Cahiers de Medecine Veterinaire, 42: 215-226 (In French).
Grebaut, P., Chuchana, P., Brizard, J. P., Demettre, E., Seveno, M., Bossard, G., Jouin, P., Vincendeau. P., Bengaly, Z., Boulanga, A., Cuny, G. and Holzmuller, P. (2009). Identification of total and differentially expressed excreted–secreted proteins from Trypanosoma congolense strains exhibiting different virulence and pathogenicity. International Journal of Parasitology, 39(10): 1137-1150.
Herbert, W. J. and Lumsden, W. H. R. (1976). Trypanosoma brucei: A rapid matching method for estimating the host’s parasitaemia. Experimental Parasitology, 40: 427-431.
Holmes, P. H., Eisler, M. C., Geerts, S., Maudlin, I., Holmes, P. H. and Miles, M. A. (2004). The Trypanosomiases (Ed). CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
Igbokwe, I. O. (1994). Mechanisms of cellular injury in African trypanosomiasis. Veterinary Bulletin, 64(7): 611-620.
Kaplan, L. A., Szabo, L. L. and Opherin, E. K. (1988). Enzymes in Clinical Chemistry: Interpretation and technique 3rd Ed. Lea and Febliger, Philadelphia, USA.
Karle, H. (1974). The pathogenesis of the anaemia of chronic disorders and the role of fever in erythrokinetics. Scandinavian Journal of Haematology, 13: 81-86.
Kneeland, K. M., Skoda, S. R., Hogsette, J. A., Li, A. Y., Molina-Ochoa, J., Lohmeyer, K. H. and Foster, J. E. (2012). A Century and a Half of Research on the Stable Fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), 1862-2011: An Annotated Bibliography. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service- ARS-173.
Olurode, S. A., Ajagbonna, O. P., Biobaku, K. T., Ibrahim, H. and Taskeet, M. I. (2009). Efficacy study of zinc chloride and diminazene aceturate on Trypanosoma brucei inoculated rats. Journal of Natural Science and Engineering Technology, 8(2): 38-43.
Sazmand, A. Aria, R., Mohammad, N., Hosein, H. and Seyedhossein, H. (2011). Sero-biochemical alterations in sub-clinically affected dromedary camels with Trypanosoma evansi in Iran. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 31(3): 223-226.
Stammers, A. D. (1926). The blood count and body temperature in normal rats. Journal of Physiology, 61(3): 329-336.
Stephen, L. E. (1986). Trypanosomiasis - A Veterinary Perspective. 1st Ed. Pergamon Press, New York, USA.
Taylor, K. and Authie, E. M. L. (2004). Pathogenesis of animal trypanosomiasis. In: Maudlin I, Holmes, P. H. and Miles, M. A. Ed. The Trypanosomiases. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 331-353.
Umar, I. A., Ogenyi, E. and Okodaso, D. (2007). Amelioration of anaemia and organ damage by combined intraperitoneal administration of vitamin A and C to Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected rat. African Journal of Biotechnology, 6: 2083-2086.
Yusuf, A. B., Umar, I. A. and Nok, A. J. (2012). Effects of methanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf on survival and some biochemical parameters in acute Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection. African Journal of Biochemical Research, 6(12): 150-158.
WHO. (2013). Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness). URL: Fact sheet N°259: African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness. Accessed 27th August, 2013.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
