POTENTIALS OF EPIPHYTE-LICHENS AS A BIOINDICATOR OF ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY IN FALGORE GAME RESERVE, KANO STATE, NIGERIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33003/jaat.2025.1104.10Keywords:
Bioindicators,, Ecological Sustainability,, Efficiency,, Epiphytes/ Lichen, Falgore Game ReserveAbstract
The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between tree species diversity and epiphyte-lichens density in Falgore Game Reserve, Kano State, Nigeria. Data were collected across selected forest sites with varying levels of rainfall and temperature. Epiphytes and lichens were identified, recorded on host trees within designated plots while tree species diversity and density were also measured using Shanon weiner index. Rainfall and temperature data were obtained from local meteorological stations. Correlation analysis was used to examine relationships between climatic condition and ecological indices. Purposive sampling design was applied for the study. The study revealed that plant species exhibit moderate diversity, with tree and epiphyte diversity indices recorded at 1.82 and 1.99 respectively. Epiphytes were more abundant in areas with higher tree diversity and stable microclimatic conditions. Several tree species with rough bark and broad canopies were identified as key hosts for epiphytes and lichens most especially Campylopus introflexus. Strong correlations were found between epiphyte diversity and density (r = 0.8), as well as with temperature (r = 0.5) and tree diversity (r = 0.4), highlighting the importance of environmental and biotic factors. Major threats identified include deforestation, bush burning, overgrazing, and climate change. The study concludes that epiphyte and lichen diversity in Falgore Game Reserve is strongly influenced by tree diversity and temperature. Conservation efforts must focus on protecting host trees and mitigating environmental threats to sustain these sensitive plant communities.
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